安全工具/SHA哈希生成器
SHA哈希生成器
生成SHA-1、SHA-256、SHA-384、SHA-512哈希
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哈希输出 (SHA-256)
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SHA Hash Guide
Learn about the SHA family of cryptographic hash functions
What is SHA?
SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm) is a family of cryptographic hash functions designed by the NSA. SHA-256 and SHA-512 are part of SHA-2 and are widely used for data integrity, digital signatures, and password hashing. They produce fixed-size outputs regardless of input size.
How to Use
- Select your preferred SHA algorithm (SHA-256 recommended)
- Enter the text you want to hash
- Click Generate to compute the hash
- Use the hash for verification or comparison purposes
Algorithm Selection
- SHA-256 is the standard choice for most security applications
- Avoid SHA-1 for security purposes - it has known vulnerabilities
- SHA-512 offers more security but produces longer hashes
Security Note
SHA-2 (SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512) is currently considered secure for cryptographic purposes. For password hashing, consider using specialized algorithms like bcrypt or Argon2 which include salting and are designed to be computationally expensive.
常见问题
SHA系列有哪些版本?
SHA-1:160位输出,已被破解不安全。SHA-2系列:包括SHA-224、SHA-256、SHA-384、SHA-512,目前是主流标准。SHA-3:2015年发布的最新标准,使用完全不同的设计(Keccak算法),作为SHA-2的备选。
SHA-256和SHA-512哪个更安全?
SHA-512产生更长的摘要(512位vs256位),理论上更安全,但SHA-256对于当前应用已经足够安全。SHA-512在64位系统上可能更快。选择取决于具体需求和平台。区块链、证书等广泛使用SHA-256。
SHA-1为什么不安全?
2017年Google和CWI成功实现了SHA-1的实际碰撞攻击(SHAttered)。这意味着可以创建两个不同的文件具有相同的SHA-1哈希。虽然碰撞攻击成本仍然较高,但对于证书、签名等安全应用已不可接受。
哈希值相同是否意味着数据相同?
理论上存在碰撞可能(不同数据产生相同哈希),但对于SHA-256等安全哈希,找到碰撞在计算上不可行。如果两个文件的SHA-256哈希相同,可以认为它们是相同的(但被恶意构造的情况除外)。
为什么不用SHA存储密码?
SHA太快了,攻击者可以每秒计算数十亿次哈希进行暴力破解。密码哈希应使用专门设计的慢速算法如bcrypt、scrypt、Argon2,它们有意设计得计算昂贵,并自动处理加盐。